Advaita Vedanta is arguably the oldest scholarly tradition in the orthodox Hindu school of Vedanta. Advaita (non-dualism) refers to the idea that Brahman (the Absolute Reality) alone is ultimately real, and the transient phenomenal world is an illusion (maya). In this tradition, moksa (Self-realization or liberation) is achieved through recognizing the illusoriness of the phenomenal world and misidentification from the mind-body and the concept of “doer-ship”. Self-realization in Advaita Vedanta is the recognition that the eternal Self is the same as Brahman (The Atman-Brahman), the highest Self-reality. For a more through understanding of Advaita Vedanta philosophy and practice, it is recommended to read the writings of the various philosophers below.